{ "currentVersion": 11.1, "cimVersion": "3.1.0", "serviceDescription": "Population Losses in Ukraine 1932-1934.", "mapName": "Famine Population Losses, 1932-1934", "description": "The Great Famine project\u2019s focus is on the history of the Holodomor (\"death-by-starvation\") \u2013 the Great Ukrainian Famine of 1932-33.\n\nThe total number of 1932-1934 famine losses in Soviet Ukraine is estimated at 4.5 million, with 3.9 million direct losses (excess deaths) and 0.6 million indirect losses (lost births). The 1933 midyear population of Ukraine is estimated at 29.6 million. The 3.9 million direct losses are approximately equivalent to 13 percent of the total population in 1933. The 3.9 million is composed of 0.3 million in urban areas and 3.6 million in rural areas; these numbers are approximately equivalent to 4 percent of the urban and 16 percent of the rural population in 1933. It is important to note that the Holodomor is commonly understood as occurring in the period 1932-1933. However, the analysis here shows that significant famine-related losses also occurred in 1934.\n\nSources\n\nThis map visualizes data based on estimates of deaths during the Holodomor period derived under the \"Estimation of Regional Losses of the 1932-1934 Famine in Ukraine\" project conducted by Oleh Wolowyna (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) and Omelian Rudnytskyi, Nataliia Levchuk, Pavlo Shevchuk, and Alla Kovbasiuk (Institute of Demography and Social Studies in Kyiv).\n\nThe estimation here of Holodomor losses is based on separate yearly urban and rural population reconstructions by age and sex, using data from three Soviet censuses (1926, 1937, and 1939), as well as annual vital statistics and migration data for the 1927-1939 period. 1926 and 1937 census data were adjusted for undercounts and other problems, while 1939 census data were adjusted to eliminate falsifications implemented to cover up large population losses understood to be due to the famine and other repressive policies. Yearly registered births and deaths were adjusted for undercounts, especially during famine years when the undercount reached extreme levels. Based on these data and detailed data on migration, taking into account urban-rural reclassification, yearly population figures were reconstructed according to age and sex for Soviet Ukraine's eight regions, as well as for urban-rural areas.\n\nFamine losses are operationally defined as the difference between actual estimated deaths (or births) during 1932-1934, and the number of hypothetical deaths (or births) had there been no famine. The difference in deaths is called direct losses or excess deaths; the difference in births is called indirect losses or lost births.", "copyrightText": "HURI", "supportsDynamicLayers": true, "layers": [ { "id": 0, "name": "Total Direct Famine Losses,1932-1934, in 1000s; oblasts; chart", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": false }, { "id": 1, "name": "Direct Famine Losses, 1932, per 1000; oblasts", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 2, "name": "Direct Famine Losses, 1933, per 1000; oblasts", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 3, "name": "Direct Famine Losses, 1934, per 1000; oblast", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 4, "name": "Total Direct Famine Losses,1933, per 1000; raions", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 5, "name": "Rural Direct Famine Losses, 1933, per 1000; raions", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 6, "name": "Urban Direct Famine Losses, 1933, per 1000; raions", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 7, "name": "Total Direct Famine Losses, 1933; raions", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 8, "name": "Rural Direct Famine Losses, 1933; raions", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 9, "name": "Urban Direct Famine Losses, 1933; raions", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 10, "name": "Total Direct Famine Losses,1933, per 1000; raions; chart", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 11, "name": "Hot Spot Analysis: Rural Direct Famine Losses, 1933, per 1000; raions", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 12, "name": "Rural population density per km2, 1933; raions", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 13, "name": "Direct losses,1932-34 in 1000s; 8 Regions in Ukraine and 20 in Russia", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": false }, { "id": 14, "name": "Direct losses,1932-34 per 1000; 8 Regions in Ukraine and 17 in Russia", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 15, "name": "Direct losses,1932-34 per 1000; 8 Regions in Ukraine and 20 in Russia", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 16, "name": "Total Direct Famine Losses,1932, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 17, "name": "Urban Direct Famine Losses,1932, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 18, "name": "Rural Direct Famine Losses,1932, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 19, "name": "Total Direct Famine Losses,1933, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 20, "name": "Urban Direct Famine Losses,1933, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 21, "name": "Rural Direct Famine Losses,1933, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 22, "name": "Total Direct Famine Losses,1934, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 23, "name": "Urban Direct Famine Losses,1934, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 24, "name": "Rural Direct Famine Losses,1934, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 25, "name": "Total Direct Famine Losses,1932-34, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 26, "name": "Urban Direct Famine Losses,1932-1934, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 27, "name": "Rural Direct Famine Losses,1932-34, per 1000; 17 oblasts as of 1991", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": true }, { "id": 28, "name": "Total Losses by Nationalities,1933, per 1000 of ethnic group; oblasts; chart", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": false }, { "id": 29, "name": "Rural Losses by Nationalities,1933, per 1000 of ethnic group; oblasts; chart", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": false }, { "id": 30, "name": "Urban Losses by Nationalities,1933, per 1000 of ethnic group; oblasts; chart", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPolygon", "supportsDynamicLegends": false }, { "id": 31, "name": "Losses in Major Cities per 1,000, 1933; chart", "parentLayerId": -1, "defaultVisibility": false, "subLayerIds": null, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "type": "Feature Layer", "geometryType": "esriGeometryPoint", "supportsDynamicLegends": true } ], "tables": [], "spatialReference": { "wkid": 5563, "latestWkid": 5563, "xyTolerance": 0.001, "zTolerance": 0.001, "mTolerance": 0.001, "falseX": -123300, "falseY": -10002300, "xyUnits": 4.5025640376418376E8, "falseZ": -100000, "zUnits": 10000, "falseM": -100000, "mUnits": 10000 }, "singleFusedMapCache": false, "initialExtent": { "xmin": 5243327.735255559, "ymin": 5114636.823723932, "xmax": 6722351.526636477, "ymax": 5997024.005164961, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 5563, "latestWkid": 5563, "xyTolerance": 0.001, "zTolerance": 0.001, "mTolerance": 0.001, "falseX": -123300, "falseY": -10002300, "xyUnits": 4.5025640376418376E8, "falseZ": -100000, "zUnits": 10000, "falseM": -100000, "mUnits": 10000 } }, "fullExtent": { "xmin": 1710454.044823999, "ymin": 4561237.052223249, "xmax": 9289545.955176001, "ymax": 9310638.924150152, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 5563, "latestWkid": 5563, "xyTolerance": 0.001, "zTolerance": 0.001, "mTolerance": 0.001, "falseX": -123300, "falseY": -10002300, "xyUnits": 4.5025640376418376E8, "falseZ": -100000, "zUnits": 10000, "falseM": -100000, "mUnits": 10000 } }, "datesInUnknownTimezone": false, "minScale": 0, "maxScale": 0, "units": "esriMeters", "supportedImageFormatTypes": "PNG32,PNG24,PNG,JPG,DIB,TIFF,EMF,PS,PDF,GIF,SVG,SVGZ,BMP", "documentInfo": { "Title": "", "Author": "", "Comments": "Population Losses in Ukraine 1932-1934.", "Subject": "Population Losses in Ukraine 1932-1934.", "Category": "", "Version": "10.1", "AntialiasingMode": "None", "TextAntialiasingMode": "Force", "Keywords": "Ukraine,Population Losses,Famine,Holodomor" }, "capabilities": "Map,Query,Data", "supportedQueryFormats": "JSON, geoJSON, PBF", "exportTilesAllowed": false, "referenceScale": 0.0, "datumTransformations": [ { "geoTransforms": [ { "wkid": 108001, "latestWkid": 1241, "transformForward": true, "name": "NAD_1927_To_NAD_1983_NADCON" } ] }, { "geoTransforms": [ { "wkid": 108001, "latestWkid": 1241, "transformForward": false, "name": "NAD_1927_To_NAD_1983_NADCON" } ] } ], "supportsDatumTransformation": true, "archivingInfo": {"supportsHistoricMoment": false}, "supportsClipping": true, "supportsSpatialFilter": true, "supportsTimeRelation": true, "supportsQueryDataElements": true, "mapUnits": {"uwkid": 9001}, "maxRecordCount": 1000, "maxImageHeight": 4096, "maxImageWidth": 4096, "supportedExtensions": "" }